Biology 101 Quiz – Step by Step

1) Which structure controls cell activity and contains chromosomes?

Ribosome Nucleus Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus

2) Prokaryotic DNA is located in the:

Nucleolus Chromatin Nucleoid Centromere

3) Which of the following is not found in animal cells?

Lysosome Chloroplast Centrosome Cytoskeleton

4) The plasma membrane is best described as a:

Rigid wall Fluid mosaic Static barrier Nucleoid layer

5) Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?

Ribosome Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Lysosome

6) Which structure is the site of protein synthesis?

Ribosome Vacuole Lysosome Smooth ER

7) A heterozygote has:

Two identical alleles Two different alleles Only one allele No alleles

8) Codominance means:

Both alleles blend into a new phenotype Both alleles are fully expressed Only the dominant allele is expressed Neither allele is expressed

9) Interphase includes which of the following?

DNA replication and growth Chromosome condensation only Spindle attachment only Nuclear envelope breakdown only

10) During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

11) The cleavage furrow forms during:

Plant cytokinesis Animal cytokinesis Prophase Meiosis I

12) In plants, cytokinesis involves formation of a:

Cleavage furrow Cell plate Capsule Nuclear pore

13) Which of the following is a high-energy electron carrier?

NADH FAD NADP⁺ ADP

14) Polygenic inheritance means:

One gene affects multiple traits Many genes influence a single trait Both alleles are expressed equally Genes are always linked

15) Which is characteristic of fungal cells?

Cell wall made of cellulose Cell wall made of chitin Chloroplasts Plasmodesmata

16) The Golgi apparatus primarily:

Packages and modifies proteins Produces ATP Synthesizes DNA Performs photosynthesis

17) The cytoskeleton is important for:

Gene transcription Cell shape, movement, and intracellular transport ATP synthesis Protein packaging

18) Which statement about homologous chromosome pairs is correct?

They are always identical They have the same genes but may carry different alleles One comes from each parent Both b and c

19) Which statement best defines metabolism?

Only breakdown of food molecules All chemical reactions in an organism DNA replication only Protein synthesis only

20) Which is true of active transport compared to facilitated diffusion?

Active transport does not require proteins Active transport requires ATP and moves solutes against gradients Facilitated diffusion uses ATP Neither uses membrane proteins