Biology 101 Quiz – Step by Step (Set 3)

1) Which component most directly maintains selective permeability of the plasma membrane?

Phospholipid bilayer Cell wall Nucleoid Chromatin

2) Gated channels differ from carrier proteins because gated channels:

Bind specific solutes and change shape to move them Open or close to allow diffusion through a pore Hydrolyze ATP to pump ions Synthesize membrane lipids

3) Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?

Lysosome Peroxisome Mitochondrion Chloroplast

4) The central vacuole in plant cells primarily helps to:

Replicate DNA Maintain turgor pressure and store materials Package proteins from the rough ER Produce ATP

5) Which cell type typically lacks centrosomes?

Animal cells Plant cells Bacterial cells Protozoan cells

6) In bacteria, the flagellum mainly:

Beats back and forth to move the cell Rotates to provide motility Forms the cell wall Synthesizes proteins

7) Genotype vs phenotype is best described as:

Genotype = appearance; phenotype = DNA sequence Genotype = alleles possessed; phenotype = observable traits Genotype = environment; phenotype = gene location Genotype = haploid; phenotype = diploid

8) In humans, which statement is correct?

Gametes are diploid and somatic cells are haploid Gametes are haploid and somatic cells are diploid Both gametes and somatic cells are haploid Both gametes and somatic cells are diploid

9) The term “locus” specifically refers to:

A visible trait A gene’s position on a chromosome An allele carried in a gamete The cytoplasmic location of enzymes

10) Independent assortment in a dihybrid cross refers to:

Alleles of one gene affecting another’s expression Alleles of different genes sorting into gametes independently Genes always being inherited together Loci moving to new chromosomes

11) Sister chromatids first become clearly visible as separate condensed structures during:

Interphase Prophase Prometaphase Telophase

12) Which structure organizes microtubules to form the mitotic spindle in most animal cells?

Centrosome Lysosome Peroxisome Central vacuole

13) Meiosis results directly in the formation of:

Diploid gametes Haploid gametes Zygotes Somatic cells

14) Which statement about homologous chromosomes is accurate?

They are identical copies of the same chromatid They carry the same genes at the same loci but may have different alleles Both come from the same parent They are formed only after DNA replication

15) During spermatogenesis, which sequence is correct?

Spermatid → spermatocyte → spermatozoa Spermatocyte → spermatid → spermatozoa Oocyte → ootid → ovum Zygote → embryo → gamete

16) Which cell type lacks membrane-bound organelles altogether?

Fungal cell Plant cell Animal cell Bacterial cell

17) Active transport typically requires:

Only concentration gradients ATP and a membrane protein pump Ribosomes and tRNA A cell wall

18) The ECM is NOT the same as a cell wall because the ECM:

Occurs in animals and helps signaling/anchoring Is found only in plants Forms the plasmodesmata Houses nuclear DNA

19) ATP vs ADP: which is true?

ADP carries more energy than ATP ATP stores more readily usable energy than ADP Both have identical energy content Neither is involved in cellular work

20) Which pairing correctly matches cell type and unique feature?

Plant cell — plasmodesmata Animal cell — chloroplast Fungal cell — plasmodesmata Bacterial cell — mitochondria

Biology 101 Quiz – Set 3